Senior Individual

Vineeth Rajan, aged 17

Year 12, Queen Elizabeth’s School

Retroflexes: The linguistics of South Asia

More fantastic content on Vineeth’s channel, Genespeak, which focuses on linguistics and biochemistry can be found here: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCb4oK_0JqXEQEgmBYKhOigQ

Bibliography

Arsenault, P. (2015) “Retroflex consonant harmony: An areal feature in South Asia.” Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 2(1), pp.1-28.

Arsenault, P. (2017) “Retroflexion in South Asia: Typological, genetic, and areal patterns.” Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 4(1), pp.1-53.

Blevins, J. (2017) “Areal Sound Patterns: From Perceptual Magnets to Stone Soup”, in Hickey, R. (ed.) The Cambridge Handbook of Areal Linguistics. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press (Cambridge Handbooks in Language and Linguistics), pp. 88–121. doi: 10.1017/9781107279872.006.

Burrow, T. (1959) “On the Phonological History of Sanskrit kṣám- 'Earth,' ṛ́kṣa- 'Bear' and likṣá̄ 'Nit'.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 79(2), p.85.

Masica, C. (1993) The Indo-Aryan languages (Cambridge Language Surveys). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1991. pp. xvi 539., Journal of Linguistics. Cambridge University Press, pp. 519–522. doi: 10.1017/S0022226700015383.

Emeneau, M. (1956) “India as a Linguistic Area”. Language, [online] 32(1), pp.3-16. Available at: <https://www.jstor.org/stable/410649> [Accessed 8 April 2021].

Hall, T. (1997) “The historical development of retroflex consonants in Indo-Aryan.” Lingua, 102(4), pp.203-221.

Hamp, E. (1996) “On the Indo-European Origins of the Retroflexes in Sanskrit.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 116(4), p.719.

Hock, H. (2015) “The Northwest of South Asia and beyond: The issue of Indo-Aryan retroflexion yet again.” Journal of South Asian Languages and Linguistics, 2(1). 

Jain, D., & Cardona, G. (2004) The Indo-Aryan Languages (1st ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203945315

Kobayashi, M. (2004) Historical Phonology of Old Indo-Aryan Consonants. Tokyo: Research Institute for Languages and Cultures of Asia and Africa.

Krishnamurti, B. (2006) The Dravidian Languages. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Kuiper, F. (1967) “The Genesis of a Linguistic Area.” Indo-Iranian Journal, [online] 10, pp.81-102. Available at: <http://www.jstor.org/stable/24650146>

Ramanujan, A. and Masica, C. (2016) “Toward a Phonological Typology of the Indian Linguistic Area”, in Emeneau, M. and Fergusson, C. (ed.) Linguistics in South Asia. Berlin, Boston: De Gruyter Mouton, pp. 543-577. https://doi.org/10.1515/9783110819502-029

Ryan, K. (2017) “Attenuated Spreading in Sanskrit Retroflex Harmony.” Linguistic Inquiry, 48(2), pp.299-340.

Schwarzschild, L. (1973) “Initial Retroflex Consonants in Middle Indo-Aryan.” Journal of the American Oriental Society, 93(4), p.482.

Steever, S.B. (ed.) (2019) The Dravidian Languages (2nd ed.). Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315722580

Suzuki, Y. (2021) “Sanskrit RUKI Revisited.” Journal of Inquiry and Research, 104, pp.1-18.

Witzel, M. (1999) “Early Sources for South Asian Substrate Languages.” Mother Tongue, https://doi.org/10.11588/xarep.00000113

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